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	<title>finance-muslim.com &#187; Zakâte</title>
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	<description>La finance islamique expliquée à tous</description>
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		<title>L&#8217;échange de monnaie</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2011/08/sarf</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2011/08/sarf#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Aug 2011 14:42:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Fondements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[argent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[billets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[créance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dette]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[indexation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intérêt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[monnaie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[monnaie fiduciaire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[or]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ribâ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sarf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[باب مَا جَاءَ فِى الصَّرْفِ Le sarf[1] عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ انْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى أَبِى سَعِيدٍ فَحَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاىَ هَاتَانِ يَقُولُ لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ لاَ يُشَفُّ بَعْضُهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا مِنْهُ غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ قَالَ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِى [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; line-height: 150%;" dir="RTL" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">باب مَا جَاءَ فِى الصَّرْفِ</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">Le sarf</span></em></strong><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref1" href="#_ftn1"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[1]</span></span><strong></strong></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ انْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى أَبِى سَعِيدٍ فَحَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاىَ هَاتَانِ يَقُولُ لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ لاَ يُشَفُّ بَعْضُهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا مِنْهُ غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ</span></strong></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">قَالَ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِى سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسل فِى الرِّبَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Traduction explicative</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Nâfi&#8217; (rahimahoullâh) raconte : Je suis parti en compagnie de Ibnou &#8216;Oumar (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou) auprès de Abou Saïd (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou); il (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou) nous rapporta alors que le Messager (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a dit <em>–(puis, pour mettre encore plus d&#8217;emphase sur son rapport et pour témoigner de sa conviction par rapport à la justesse de son contenu,) il (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou) ajouta : &laquo;&nbsp;Mes deux oreilles-ci l&#8217;ont entendu dire-</em> :</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;N&#8217;échangez de l&#8217;or contre de l&#8217;or (</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">que)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> quantité égale contre quantité égale et l&#8217;argent contre l&#8217;argent </span></em></strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(que)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> quantité égale contre quantité égale. </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(Qu&#8217;)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> une </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(contrepartie)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> ne soit pas être majorée par rapport à l&#8217;autre. Et n&#8217;échangez pas </span></em></strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(, dans ce type de transactions, une contrepartie)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> non présente contre ce qui est présent.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(Hadith authentique)</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> <span id="more-372"></span></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ فَآخُذُ مَكَانَهَا الْوَرِقَ وَأَبِيعُ بِالْوَرِقِ فَآخُذُ مَكَانَهَا الدَّنَانِيرَ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَوَجَدْتُهُ خَارِجًا مِنْ بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ</span><span style="font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ بِالْقِيمَةِ</span></span></strong></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Traduction explicative</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Il est rapporté de Ibnou &#8216;Oumar (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou) qu&#8217;il a dit : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Je vendais des chameaux à <em>baqî&#8217; (nom d&#8217;un emplacement à Médine)</em>. Je vendais <em>(les animaux)</em> pour <em>(un prix fixé)</em> en <em>dînârs</em>, mais, à la place de ceux-ci, je prenais <em>(de l&#8217;acheteur)</em> des <em>(pièces d&#8217;)</em>argent <em>(d&#8217;un montant équivalent vu qu&#8217;il n&#8217;avait pas en sa possession des dînars)</em>. Et <em>(il arrivait aussi que)</em> je vende <em>(les animaux)</em> pour <em>(un prix fixé)</em> en <em>(pièces d&#8217;)</em> argent mais que, à la place de ceux-ci, je prenne <em>(de l&#8217;acheteur)</em> des <em>dînârs</em> <em>(d&#8217;un montant équivalent vu qu&#8217;il n&#8217;avait pas avec lui des pièces d&#8217;argent)</em>. Je me suis <em>(à une occasion) </em>rendu auprès du Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) et je l&#8217;ai trouvé sortant de la maison de Hafsah (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhâ). Je l&#8217;ai alors questionné à ce sujet <em>(c&#8217;est-à-dire concernant cette façon de procéder)</em>. Il (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) répondit alors : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Il n&#8217;y a pas de problème </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(quand)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> ceci se fait suivant le prix </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(des pièces dues)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(Cette version marfoû&#8217; du Hadith est qualifiée de dhaïf par Al Albâni et Al Arnâoût)</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; line-height: 150%;" dir="RTL"><strong><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَقْبَلْتُ أَقُولُ مَنْ يَصْطَرِفُ الدَّرَاهِمَ فَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَرِنَا ذَهَبَكَ ثُمَّ ائْتِنَا إِذَا جَاءَ خَادِمُنَا نُعْطِكَ وَرِقَكَ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ كَلاَّ وَاللَّهِ لَتُعْطِيَنَّهُ وَرِقَهُ أَوْ لَتَرُدَّنَّ إِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « الْوَرِقُ بِالذَّهَبِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; line-height: 150%;" dir="RTL"><strong><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Traduction explicative</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Mâlik Ibn Awss Ibnoul Hadthân (rahimahoullâh) raconte : Je suis arrivé en demandant </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Qui </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(veut bien me)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> donner le change </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(de ce que j&#8217;ai)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> en dirhams ?&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> Talha Ibnou &#8216;Oubeïdoullâh (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou), qui était alors auprès de &#8216;Oumar Ibnoul Khattâb (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou), (me) dit : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Montre nous ton or ! Puis, lorsque notre serviteur viendra, nous te donnerons tes </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(pièces d&#8217;)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">argent.&nbsp;&raquo; </span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(En entendant ceci,)</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> &#8216;Oumar (radhia Allâhou &#8216;anhou) s&#8217;exclama :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Certainement pas ! Par Allah, soit tu lui donne ses (pièces d&#8217;)argent (de suite), soit tu lui rend son or. Parce que le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a dit :</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(L&#8217;échange) </span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">de l&#8217;argent contre de l&#8217;or constitue du ribâ sauf s&#8217;il se fait de main à main. Et </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(l&#8217;échange)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> de blé contre du blé constitue du ribâ sauf s&#8217;il se fait de main à main. Et </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(l&#8217;échange)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> de l&#8217;orge contre de l&#8217;orge constitue du ribâ sauf s&#8217;il se fait de main à main. Et </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(l&#8217;échange)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> de dattes </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(sèches) </span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">contre des dattes </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(sèches)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> constitue du ribâ sauf s&#8217;il se fait de main à main&nbsp;&raquo;.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(Hadith authentique)</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Commentaires</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Les différentes <em>Ahâdîth</em> cités par l&#8217;Imâm Tirmidhi (rahimahoullâh) dans le présent chapitre indiquent que l&#8217;échange des métaux précieux <em>(or et argent)</em> entre eux, appelé <em>bay&#8217; as sarf</em>, est soumis à des règles biens définies. Ainsi :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> lorsque les deux contreparties sont de même nature, l&#8217;échange entre eux n&#8217;est autorisé qu&#8217;à poids égal.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; color: black;"> l</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">orsque les deux contreparties ne sont pas de même nature, l&#8217;échange peut se faire de façon inégale.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Dans les deux cas cependant, l&#8217;échange doit obligatoirement se faire au comptant et de main à main, comme cela va être détaillé ci-dessous.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Et n&#8217;échangez pas </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(, dans ce type de transactions, une contrepartie)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> non présente contre ce qui est présent.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Ces propos du Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) ayant été énoncés de façon spécifique au sujet de l&#8217;or et de l&#8217;argent, les oulémas <em>hanafites</em> ont établi une distinction entre :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;échange des biens <em>ribawis (susceptibles de faire l&#8217;objet de ribâ)</em> autres que l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent. </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Dans ce cas, ce qui est imposé, c&#8217;est que l&#8217;échange ne se fasse pas à crédit.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> Ainsi, à partir du moment où celui-ci a lieu au comptant et que les contreparties sont bien déterminées, il est possible de les fournir par la suite <em>(lâ youchtarat out taqâboudh fil madjliss)</em>.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref2" href="#_ftn2"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[2]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;échange d&#8217;or/d&#8217;argent contre de l&#8217;or ou de l&#8217;argent <em>(bay&#8217; as sarf)</em>. </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Dans ce cas, la seule détermination des contreparties ne suffit pas : </span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">pour que l&#8217;opération soit licite, il est nécessaire que celles-ci soient remises dans l&#8217;assemblée même où a lieu la transaction <em>(youchtaratout taqâboudh fil madjliss)</em>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Cette différence est, selon des <em>hanafites</em>, justifiée par le fait que, à la différence des autres biens <em>ribawis,</em> l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent ont été, pendant très longtemps dans le monde, les </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">supports privilégiés de la monnaie</span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><em> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">(</span></em></span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">athmân bil khilqah</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">)</span></em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. Et <em>(selon les hanafites toujours)</em> une caractéristique des </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;">athmân</span></em></span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref3" href="#_ftn3"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></strong></span></em></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> est que leur désignation au sein d&#8217;une opération comme la vente ou la location</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref4" href="#_ftn4"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[4]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> ne les rend pas pour autant définis </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(al athmân lâ tata&#8217;ay-yanou bit-ta&#8217;yîn)</span></em></span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref5" href="#_ftn5"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[5]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> : </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;">leur détermination de façon précise ne peut ainsi se faire qu&#8217;à travers leur prise de possession effective.</span></strong><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref6" href="#_ftn6"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[6]</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><br />
</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">D&#8217;où la nécessité que, dans le <em>bay&#8217; as sarf</em>, les contreparties soient échangés avant que les contractants ne se séparent. </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Il est à noter que la non détermination des <em>athmân</em> avant leur prise de possession effective indique clairement que, dans les contrats à titre onéreux <em>(comme la vente, la location,…)</em>, les qualités <em>(awsâf)</em> des éléments servant de moyens de paiement ne sont pas prises en considération dans la détermination de leur valeur : </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">ainsi, chaque unité de <em>thaman</em> est considérée comme étant en tout point équivalente à une autre unité de <em>thaman</em> de même nature.</span></strong><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref7" href="#_ftn7"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[7]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> Tout surplus qui serait perçu dans un tel échange constitue donc un </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">avantage perçu sans aucune contrepartie </span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[8]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> acceptable et légitime </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline;">du point de vue du droit musulman</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua','serif';"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref9" href="#_ftn9"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> et <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">relève du <em>ribâ</em></span></strong>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;">Le statut de la monnaie fiduciaire en droit musulman</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">En ce qui concerne le statut de la monnaie fiduciaire, il y a principalement trois avis qui ont été émis par les savants musulmans :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Un premier groupe de oulémas, prenant en considération le statut initial du papier monnaie, soutenait que celui-ci devait être considéré comme un de titre de créance</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref10" href="#_ftn10"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[10]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> : en effet, à l&#8217;origine et pendant longtemps, les billets étaient librement convertibles en or et l&#8217;autorité qui les émettait s&#8217;engageait de payer à leurs porteurs, en cas de demande de leur part, un montant bien défini de métal précieux.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref11" href="#_ftn11"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[11]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> Ces billets n&#8217;avaient ainsi aucune valeur intrinsèque et ce n&#8217;est que la garantie de pouvoir être échangés contre de l&#8217;or <em>(ou de l&#8217;argent)</em> qui leur permettait de servir de moyens d&#8217;échange et de paiement. Cet avis, qui a pendant longtemps fait autorité chez les oulémas du subcontinent indien ou chez les oulémas égyptiens, impliquait notamment :</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;interdiction d&#8217;acheter, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;">même au comptant</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, de l&#8217;or ou de l&#8217;argent avec des billets. En effet, ces derniers étant représentatifs d&#8217;une créance pour une quantité d&#8217;or <em>(ou d&#8217;argent)</em> bien définie, leur utilisation ne permettait pas de respecter une condition fondamentale régissant les échanges de monnaie, en l&#8217;occurrence, la nécessité que les deux contreparties soient remises dans la même assemblée.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">en cas de paiement de la <em>zakâte</em> avec du papier monnaie, l&#8217;accomplissement de cette obligation ne devenait effective qu&#8217;à partir du moment où la personne ayant perçu l&#8217;aumône ait acheté un bien avec les billets <em>(ou après qu&#8217;elle ait récupéré auprès de l&#8217;autorité émettrice des billets le métal précieux correspondant à celles-ci)</em>. S&#8217;il arrivait que le papier monnaie soit détruit avant cela, la <em>zakâte</em> devait à nouveau être versée…</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Un autre groupe de savants soutient que le billet de banque constitue une monnaie à part entière et possède exactement le même statut que l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent : tous les règlements qui régissent les échanges entre métaux précieux doivent ainsi être respectés dans les échanges entre billets.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref12" href="#_ftn12"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[12]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> Cet avis, qui est actuellement celui de</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> la grande majorité des juristes contemporains</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> et qui a été retenu notamment par le <em>Hay&#8217;atou Kibâril &#8216;Oulamâ (Comité des Grands Savants)</em> d&#8217;Arabie Saoudite, <em>Al Madjma&#8217;oul Fiqhiy</em> de la Ligue Islamique Mondiale, le <em>Madjma&#8217;oul Fiqh il Islâmiy (Académie du Droit Musulman)</em> de l&#8217;Organisation de la Conférence Islamique</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref13" href="#_ftn13"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[13]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, implique notamment:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;interdiction d&#8217;acheter de l&#8217;or ou de l&#8217;argent à crédit avec des billets. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;interdiction d&#8217;échanger des billets <em>(d&#8217;une même monnaie ou de monnaies différentes)</em> entre eux si ce n&#8217;est au comptant et dans une même assemblée.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;interdiction d&#8217;échanger des billets d&#8217;une même monnaie entre eux si ce n&#8217;est à montant égal.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Courier New; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">o</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">la possibilité de s&#8217;acquitter de la <em>zakâte</em> avec du papier monnaie, l&#8217;accomplissement de cette obligation étant effective dès la remise des sommes concernées à la personne méritante. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;obligation de prélever la <em>zakâte</em> sur les billets à partir du moment où leur valeur atteint, seule ou en étant ajoutée à celle des autres biens imposables, le seuil d&#8217;imposition <em>(niçâb)</em>.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref14" href="#_ftn14"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[14]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><br />
</span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">- Un troisième groupe de savants reconnaît au papier monnaie le même statut que les pièces de métal non précieux qui servent depuis longtemps de monnaies divisionnaires <em>-ce genre de pièces est appelé en arabe filss (pluriel : fouloûss)</em>. Cet avis, qui est notamment celui de Moufti Taqi Outhmâni et qui, à ce jour, est celui qui fait autorité chez les oulémas <em>hanafites</em> indopakistanais, implique notamment :</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">la non obligation, lors de l&#8217;achat de l&#8217;or ou de l&#8217;argent, que les deux contreparties soient échangés dans la même assemblée <em>–étant donné que la transaction n&#8217;est pas considérée comme un bay&#8217; sarf</em>.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;interdiction d&#8217;échanger des billets</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;"> d&#8217;une même monnaie</span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> entre eux</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;"> si ce n&#8217;est</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> :</span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 90.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">o </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">à montant</span></strong><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref15" href="#_ftn15"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[15]</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> égal</span></strong><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref16" href="#_ftn16"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[16]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 90.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">o</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> au comptant</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> et </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 90.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">o</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> dans une même assemblée</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">.</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">l&#8217;obligation de prélever la <em>zakâte</em> sur les billets à partir du moment où leur valeur atteint, seule ou en étant ajoutée à celle des autres biens imposables, le seuil d&#8217;imposition <em>(niçâb)</em>.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref17" href="#_ftn17"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[17]</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">la possibilité de s&#8217;acquitter de la <em>zakâte</em> avec du papier monnaie, l&#8217;accomplissement de cette obligation étant effective dès la remise des sommes concernées à la personne méritante.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref18" href="#_ftn18"></a></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">la permission d&#8217;échanger des billets de monnaies différentes entre eux de façon différée,</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">sous condition que l&#8217;une des contreparties soit remise lors de la transaction</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, et ce, en raison de l&#8217;interdiction du <em>&laquo;&nbsp;bay&#8217; al kâli&#8217; bil kâli&#8217;&nbsp;&raquo;</em>, c&#8217;est-à-dire de l&#8217;échange au sein de laquelle aucune des deux contreparties n&#8217;est remise et où elles restent donc dues.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref19" href="#_ftn19"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[19]</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">la permission d&#8217;échanger des billets de monnaies différentes entre eux de façon inégale. A ce sujet, il est à noter que, d&#8217;après Moufti Taqui Utmâni toujours, si la transaction ne se fait pas sur la base du taux de change officiel, cela n&#8217;entraîne pas pour autant la présence de <em>ribâ</em>. Néanmoins, dans le cas où l&#8217;échange entre devises se fait</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> de façon différée</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, il est nécessaire selon lui de respecter le <span style="text-decoration: underline;">taux de change courant </span><em>(c&#8217;est-à-dire le cours moyen qui est pratiqué à ce moment par les agents de change)</em>, et ce, pour éviter que cette transaction ne serve de subterfuge pour prendre/donner du <em>ribâ</em>.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> En effet s&#8217;il était possible, dans ce cas précis, aux contractants de fixer en toute liberté un taux de change différent de celui qui est en cours, il leur serait aisé de dissimuler une transaction à intérêt en procédant de la sorte <em>(par exemple)</em> : plutôt que de prêter 10 000 € remboursable trois mois plus tard avec une majoration de 200 € <em>-ce qui constitue du pur ribâ</em>, &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; &laquo;&nbsp;vend&nbsp;&raquo; à &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo;</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">14 000 $</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> pour</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> 10 200 €</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> payable trois mois plus tard</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;"> alors que le taux courant pour 1 € à ce moment est de 1,4 $</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">. En échangeant de suite les 14 000 $, &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; ne va donc recevoir que</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> 10 000 €</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> et il est très probable que la différence entre ce montant et celui qu&#8217;il va devoir &laquo;&nbsp;payer&nbsp;&raquo; à terme <em>(10 200 €)</em> ne constitue rien d&#8217;autre que la rémunération des fonds qui lui ont été avancés pendant trois mois.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref20" href="#_ftn20"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[20]</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Il n&#8217;y a pas de problème </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(quand)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> ceci se fait suivant le prix </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(courant des pièces dues)</span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Dans une version un peu plus détaillée de ce même récit, il est indiqué que le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a répondu à l&#8217;interrogation de Ibnou &#8216;Oumar (radhiya Allâhou &#8216;anhou) en ces termes :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; line-height: 150%;" dir="RTL" align="center"><strong><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT; color: black;" lang="AR-SA">لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِسِعْرِ يَوْمِهَا مَا لَمْ تَتَفَرَّقَا وَبَيْنَكُمَا شَيْءٌ</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">&laquo;&nbsp;Il n&#8217;y a pas de problème </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(à ce que tu procèdes de la façon décrite et) </span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">que tu prennes</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> (le montant qui t&#8217;es du dans une monnaie différente) </span></em><strong><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;">au prix de ce jour</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">tant que vous ne vous séparez pas alors qu&#8217;il y a encore entre vous quelque chose</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> (qui est due.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">(Sounan Nassaï – Hadith dhaïf)</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Ces propos attribués au Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) indiquent qu&#8217;il est permis à celui qui a une créance à percevoir ou une dette à régler en pièces d&#8217;or ou d&#8217;argent de récupérer ou de s&#8217;acquitter de celle-ci par le biais d&#8217;un métal précieux différent sous condition que</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref21" href="#_ftn21"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[21]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> :</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">le moment venu <em>(c&#8217;est-à-dire lorsque le débiteur vient régler sa dette dans une monnaie différente)</em>, l&#8217;intégralité de ce qui est dû est versé avant que les contractants ne se séparent; cette condition indique que le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a assimilé cette transaction, qui consiste à échanger un montant dû dans un métal précieux en un montant équivalent dans un autre métal précieux, à un <em>bay&#8217; as sarf</em>.</span><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftnref22" href="#_ftn22"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">[22]</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">le montant effectivement obtenu/versé corresponde bien à ce qui était dû, et ce, en prenant comme référence le change en vigueur</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;">au jour du règlement</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">(et non au jour où a eu lieu la transaction initiale)</span></em>; Exemple : &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; vend un livre à &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; pour 1 <em>dînâr</em> le 1<sup>er</sup> Ramadhân. N&#8217;ayant pas cette somme avec lui à ce moment, &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; demande à &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; s&#8217;il peut lui régler deux jours plus tard. &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; accepte. Le 3 Ramadhân, avec l&#8217;accord de &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo;, &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; règle ce qu&#8217;il doit en <em>dirham</em> : pour déterminer ce montant,</span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> il se basera sur le taux de change appliqué le 3 et non celui qui était en vigueur le 1</span><sup><span style="font-size: 12pt;">er</span></sup></span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">.[</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">23]</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Moufti Taqui Outhmâni souligne que cette seconde condition indique que, dans l&#8217;acquittement d&#8217;un dû, la parfaite équivalence qui est imposée dans le droit musulman afin d&#8217;éviter le <em>ribâ</em> concerne </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;">le montant de la dette et non sa valeur</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">. En effet, imaginons que :</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">le 12<sup>ème</sup> Cha&#8217;bân, &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; achète de &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; un bien pour</span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> 100 </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;">dirhams</span></em></span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, payable un mois plus tard, c&#8217;est-à-dire le 12<sup>ème</sup> Ramadhân.</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">Le jour où a lieu cette transaction, la valeur de 100 <em>dirhams</em> est équivalente à 10 <em>dînârs</em>.</span></strong></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">le 12<sup>ème</sup> Ramadhân, &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; désire régler à &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; sa dette en <em>dînârs </em>et celui-ci accepte. Entre temps cependant, le <em>dirham</em> a perdu un peu de sa valeur et les</span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> 100 </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;">dirhams</span></em></span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> ne valent plus que</span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> 9 </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;">dînârs</span></em></span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">. Suivant le principe énoncé dans le présent Hadith,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">&laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; ne pourra alors pas exiger de &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; plus de 9</span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;"><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> dînârs</span></em></span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;">, ce qui prouve bien que, lors du remboursement d&#8217;une dette, c&#8217;est le</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;"> montant initial</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">(100 dirhams)</span></em> de celle-ci qui doit être pris en considération et</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black; text-decoration: underline;"> non sa valeur</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif; color: black;"> <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">(auquel cas il aurait permis à &laquo;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&raquo; de réclamer à &laquo;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&raquo; un montant de 10 dînârs)</span></em>. En étendant ce principe à la monnaie fiduciaire, <a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/remboursement-dette-devaluation">on comprend mieux pourquoi l&#8217;indexation des dettes est problématique dans le droit musulman.</a> </span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">Wa Allâhou A&#8217;lam !</span></em></p>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[1]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Le <em>bay&#8217; as sarf</em> désigne l&#8217;échange qui est effectué entre les monnaies d&#8217;or et d&#8217;argent. Pour ce qui est du régime des échanges entre les monnaies fiduciaires, les oulémas contemporains ont des avis divergents, comme cela est détaillé plus loin dans l&#8217;article. Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Fiqh oul Islâmiy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 5 / Page 3659</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[2]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">Les oulémas des autres <em>madhâ&#8217;hib</em> ne partagent pas cet avis : selon eux, dans les deux cas, il est nécessaire que les contreparties soient physiquement échangées avant que les deux parties ne se séparent. Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 13 / Page 117</span></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[3]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Pluriel de<em> thaman</em> <em>(monnaie)</em>.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[4]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Ce principe ne concerne pas les <em>athmân naqdiyah (or et argent)</em> qui sont employés ailleurs que dans les échanges à titre onéreux <em>(mou&#8217;âwadhât)</em>, comme dans le cas des dépôts <em>(amânah)</em> par exemple. Voir <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 9 / Pages 27-28 et Volume 15 / Pages 30 et suivantes</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[5]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">Ainsi, si un bien a été vendu contre une pièce d&#8217;or bien précise, l&#8217;acheteur peut tout à fait effectuer le règlement en donnant au vendeur une autre pièce d&#8217;or. Et s&#8217;il arrive que la première pièce d&#8217;or soit détruite ou perdue, la validité de la vente n&#8217;est pas remise en question. </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">L&#8217;avis le plus connu des <em>mâlékites</em> est très proche de celui des <em>hanafites</em> sur ce point. </span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">Pour les <em>châféïtes (et selon l&#8217;opinion faisant autorité chez les hambalites)</em>, la désignation d&#8217;un moyen de paiement dans une transaction a pour conséquence de le rendre déterminé et défini. Réf <em>: &laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 15 / Pages 30-31</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[6]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Taqrîr Tirmidhi&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 1 / Page 138 et pages 141-142 et <em>&laquo;&nbsp;I&#8217;lâ ous Sounan&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 13 / Pages 6209 à 6211</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[7]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Voir, à ce sujet, les propos de Ibnou Houmân (rahimahoullâh) cités dans <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 26 / Page 371. Voir également les propos de Cheikh Khâlid Seyfoullâh dans <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Djadîd fiqhiy Massâïl&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 2 / Pages 214 et suivantes </span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[8]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> La définition donnée au <em>ribâ</em> par des oulémas <em>hanafites</em> est celle-ci : </span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: center; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; line-height: 150%;" dir="RTL" align="center"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arabic11 BT;" lang="AR-SA">فضل مال بلا عوض في معاوضة مال بمال</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Radd oul Mouhtâr&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 5 / Page 294. Les oulémas des autres <em>madhâhib</em> présentent des définitions quelque peu différentes dont le sens, néanmoins, rejoint celle énoncée par les <em>hanafites</em>. Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiya&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Définition du terme <em>ribâ</em>, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Fiqh oul Islâmiy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 4 / Pages 668 et 669, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Kitâb oul Fiqh &#8216;alal madhâhib al arba&#8217;ah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 2 / Page 209 </span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[9]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> C&#8217;est cela qui différencie le <em>ribâ </em>de la vente d&#8217;un bien ou d&#8217;un service. Dans les deux derniers cas, en effet, la contrepartie perçue est considérée comme acceptable <span style="text-decoration: underline;">dans le droit musulman</span> <em>(&#8216;iwadh bi mi&#8217;yâr char&#8217;iyyin)</em>, étant donné qu&#8217;il vise à compenser quelque chose de légitime, comme :</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;">§</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">la perte de valeur liée à l&#8217;usage d&#8217;un bien <em>(dans le cas de la location d&#8217;un bien)</em> </span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;">§</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">l&#8217;effort fourni pour la réalisation d&#8217;un objet <em>(dans le cas de la vente d&#8217;un bien produit par le vendeur)</em>,</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;">§</span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua','serif';"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">le travail accompli pour l&#8217;obtention d&#8217;un bien matériel et le risque engagé dans sa prise en charge </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(dans le cas de la vente d&#8217;une marchandise achetée à autrui)</span></em></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[10]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Bouhoûth fil Iqtissâd il Islâmiy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> de Cheikh Abdoullâh Ibn Souleyman Al Mani&#8217;– Pages 195-201 et <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Djadîd Fiqhiy Massâïl&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 2 / Pages 211 et suivantes</span></p>
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<div id="ftn11">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn11" href="#_ftnref11"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[11]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Les billets en livres sterling de la Banque d&#8217;Angleterre portent d&#8217;ailleurs toujours cette mention <em>&laquo;&nbsp;I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of …&nbsp;&raquo; (&laquo;&nbsp;Je promets de payer au porteur à sa demande la somme de …&nbsp;&raquo;)</em> suivie d&#8217;un montant précis… mention qui ne fait aujourd&#8217;hui plus beaucoup de sens…</span></span></p>
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<div id="ftn12">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn12" href="#_ftnref12"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[12]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Bouhoûth fil Iqtissâd il Islâmiy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> de Cheikh Abdoullâh Ibn Souleyman Al Mani&#8217;– Pages 210 et suivantes</span></p>
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<div id="ftn13">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn13" href="#_ftnref13"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[13]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Fiqh oun Nawâzil&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 3 / Pages 10 à 19, Résolution N°9 de la 3<sup>ème</sup> session du <em>Madjma&#8217; oul Fiqh il Islâmiy</em> de Djeddah (11-16 Octobre 1986), Résolution N°6 de <em>Al Madjma&#8217;oul Fiqhiy</em> de Makkah</span></p>
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<div id="ftn14">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[14]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Après retranchement des dettes éventuelles.</span></p>
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<div id="ftn15">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn15" href="#_ftnref15"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[15]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> C&#8217;est bien le montant ici qui doit être pris comme référence <em>(et non pas le nombre de billets échangés)</em>, vu que c&#8217;est la monnaie fiduciaire est justement employée pour la valeur qu&#8217;elle représente. Pour plus de détails, voir <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Qadhâya Fiqhiyah Mou&#8217;âssarah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 1 / Page 166 </span></p>
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<div id="ftn16">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn16" href="#_ftnref16"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[16]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Il faut savoir que, en ce qui concerne l’échange des pièces de monnaie qui ont cours et qui sont faites de métaux autres que l’or ou l’argent<em> (fouloûss nâfiqah)</em>, il y a trois approches différentes parmi les juristes musulmans :</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">selon l’avis considéré comme étant le plus juste chez les <em>châféïtes</em> et les <em>hambalites</em>, les <em>fouloûss</em> ne sont pas traités comme des biens <em>ribawis</em> ; il est donc permis de les échanger entre eux de façon inégale. L’Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh) et l’Imâm Abou Youssouf (rahimahoullâh) partagent aussi cette opinion dans le cas où il s’agit d’un échange entre <em>fouloûss</em> qui sont déterminés.</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">selon l’avis qui fait autorité chez les <em>mâlékites</em>, dans le cadre d’une transaction entre moyens de paiement, les <em>fouloûss</em> sont considérés comme de la monnaie : il est ainsi déconseillé <em>(youkrahou bighayri tahrîm)</em> de les échanger de façon inégale </span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">selon l’opinion de l’Imâm Mouhammad (rahimahoullâh) <em>(et c’est apparemment là un avis mâlékite, chaféïte et hambalite aussi ; l’Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh) et l’Imâm Abou Yousouf (rahimahoullâh) partagent également cette approche dans le cadre d’un échange entre pièces qui ne sont pas déterminés)</em>, par convention générale dans un espace donné, le <em>filss</em> sert de monnaie <em>(athmân istilâhiyah)</em> : à ce titre, il partage avec l’or et l’argent une caractéristique des <em>athmân</em> exposée précédemment dans l’énoncé, à savoir le fait que, au sein d&#8217;une transaction comme la vente ou la location, les qualités <em>(awsâf)</em> des éléments servant de moyens de paiement ne sont pas prises en considération dans la détermination de leur valeur; <strong>ainsi, chaque unité de <em>thaman</em> est considérée comme étant en tout point équivalente à une autre unité de <em>thaman</em> de même nature.</strong> Tout surplus qui serait perçu dans un échange entre <em>fouloûss</em> constitue donc un avantage perçu sans aucune contrepartie acceptable et légitime <span style="text-decoration: underline;">du point de vue du droit musulman</span>et <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">relève du <em>ribâ</em></span></strong>. C’est cette dernière approche qui fait autorité chez les <em>hanafites</em> contemporains, et c’est justement sur celle-ci que repose la règle présentée dans l’énoncé. </span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 32 – Pages 205-206, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;In&#8217;âm oul Bâriy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 6 / Pages 238 et suivantes</span></p>
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<div id="ftn17">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[17]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Après retranchement des dettes éventuelles. Au niveau de l&#8217;imposition à la <em>zakâte</em>, les <em>fouloûss nâfiqah</em> sont soumis aux mêmes règles que les marchandises commerciales. Voir <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Qadhâyâ Fiqhiyah Mou&#8217;âssarah&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 1 / Page 161 </span></p>
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<div id="ftn18">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[18]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Qadhâyâ Fiqhiyah Mou&#8217;âssarah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 1 / Page 161 </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn19" href="#_ftnref19"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[19]</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua','serif';"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Cette interdiction est énoncée dans un Hadith dont la chaîne de transmission présente cependant des failles. Il n&#8217;en reste pas moins cependant que la condamnation du <em>&laquo;&nbsp;bay&#8217; al kâli&#8217; bil kâli&#8217;&nbsp;&raquo; </em>a été largement admise par les juristes musulmans. Voir à ce sujet </span><em><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo; – Volume 21 / Page 102 (note N°4)</span></em></span></p>
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<div id="ftn20">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn20" href="#_ftnref20"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[20]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;In&#8217;âm oul Bâriy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 6 / Pages 344 et suivantes, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Taqrîr Tirmidhi&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 1 / Page 146 et <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Djadîd Fiqhiy Massâïl&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 2 / Pages 211 et suivantes</span></p>
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<div id="ftn21">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn21" href="#_ftnref21"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[21]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> C&#8217;est là l&#8217;avis de la majorité des oulémas. Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Taqrîr Tirmidhi&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 1 / Pages 148 et suivantes, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 26 / Page 366, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Moughniy&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 4 / Page 187</span></p>
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<div id="ftn22">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn22" href="#_ftnref22"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[22]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Qadhâyâ Fiqhiyah Mou&#8217;âsarah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 2 / Pages 117-118</span></p>
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<div id="ftn23">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" title="" name="_ftn23" href="#_ftnref23"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;">[23]</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Book Antiqua,serif;"> Il y a quelques divergences au sujet du caractère impératif ou non de ce second enseignement ; selon les <em>hambalites</em> et Moufti Taqui Outhmâni, il est nécessaire de respecter cette condition. Selon les <em>hanafites (et les mâlékites également)</em>, il n&#8217;est pas obligatoire que le règlement se fasse en conformité avec le taux de change courant. Voir <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 41 / Page 189</span></p>
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		<title>Période de référence pour l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2010/06/periode-de-reference-pour-lobligation-de-la-zakate</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2010/06/periode-de-reference-pour-lobligation-de-la-zakate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 2010 13:08:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[année de référence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[calcul]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imposition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[niçâb]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=272</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[  La zakâte est obligatoire une fois par an. L&#8217;année de référence pour le calcul de la zakâte débute :   - à la date où, pour la première fois après avoir atteint l&#8217;âge de la puberté, le (la) musulman(e) possède des biens imposables atteignant le niçâb.   - à la date où, après avoir [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="Section1">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">La <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire une fois par an. L&#8217;<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">année de référence</span></strong> pour le calcul de la <em>zakâte</em> débute :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>à la date où, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">pour la première fois après avoir atteint l&#8217;âge de la puberté</span>, le (la) musulman(e) possède des biens imposables atteignant le <em>niçâb</em>.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>à la date où, après avoir été <span style="text-decoration: underline;">non imposable</span> pendant un laps de temps, le (la) musulman(e) possède à nouveau des biens imposables atteignant le <em>niçâb</em>.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span id="more-272"></span><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°1 : </strong>A partir du moment où une personne possède des biens imposables qui atteignent le <em>niçâb</em> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">au début</span></strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">à la fin de l&#8217;année lunaire</span></strong>, elle est soumise à l&#8217;obligation de la <em>zakâte</em>, et ce, même si ses biens diminuent et passent en dessous du seuil d&#8217;imposition en cours d&#8217;année. <strong>Au terme de l&#8217;année lunaire, elle devra calculer et payer la <em>zakâte</em> sur les biens imposables qu&#8217;elle possède <span style="text-decoration: underline;">à ce moment précis</span>.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Exemple :</strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
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<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
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<td style="border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
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<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
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<td style="border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
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<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
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<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Zayd atteint l&#8217;âge de la puberté le <strong>20 Ramadhân 1430<span style="font-weight: normal;">. A ce moment, il ne possède aucun bien imposable. </span></strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Le <strong>1<sup>er</sup> Chawwâl 1430</strong>, il reçoit 500 € en cadeau. <strong>Cette date marque pour lui le début de l&#8217;<span style="text-decoration: underline;">année de référence </span>pour le calcul de la <em>zakât</em>.</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Le <strong>25 Rabi&#8217; oul Awwâl 1431</strong>, Zayd s&#8217;achète un ordinateur portable qui coûte 350 €.<strong> Il lui reste alors 150 € <em>(c&#8217;est-à-dire un montant inférieur au niçâb de référence)</em></strong>.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Le 10 Cha&#8217;bân 1431</strong>,<strong> </strong>Zayd participe à une collecte de fond pour les pauvres et fait un don de 50 €. <strong>A ce moment, il n&#8217;a plus en sa possession que 100 €.</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Le 10 Ramadhân 1431</strong>, Zayd revend son ordinateur portable pour 250 €.<strong> Il se retrouve avec un total de 350 €. </strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Le 25 Ramadhân 1431</strong>, Zayd reçoit 100 € en cadeau.<strong> Il possède ainsi 450 €. </strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Le 29 Ramadhân 1431</strong>, Zayd achète un cadeau de 100 € pour offrir à ses parents à l&#8217;occasion de la fête de &#8216;Ide. <strong>Il lui reste 350 €.</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Le 1<sup>er</sup> Chawwâl 1431</strong> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">–qui est la date marquant le terme de l&#8217;année de référence-</span></strong> Zayd a toujours en sa possession ces 350 €. Ce montant étant supérieur au <em>niçâb</em> de référence, Zayd est concerné par l&#8217;obligation de la <em>zakât</em>e. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">La <em>zakâte</em> de Zayd sera calculée sur le montant précis <em>(libre de dettes)</em> qu&#8217;il possède le 1<sup>er</sup> Chawwâl 1431 (350 €).<strong> Il devra ainsi donner en aumône  8,75 € (350 : 40). </strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/annee_reference_1.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-273" title="annee_reference_1" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/annee_reference_1.jpg" alt="" width="552" height="261" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°2 : </strong>S&#8217;il arrive que, au cours de l&#8217;année de référence pour le calcul de la <em>zakâte</em>, une personne perde <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la totalité de ses biens imposables</span></strong>, <strong>elle n&#8217;est plus concernée par l&#8217;obligation de l&#8217;aumône</strong>. Par la suite, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">une autre année de référence débutera <strong>lorsqu&#8217;elle possèdera à nouveau des biens imposables atteignant le <em>niçâb</em>.</strong> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Exemple :</strong></span></p>
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<tbody>
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<td style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; padding-top: 0cm; border: windowtext 1pt solid;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
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<tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">L&#8217;année de référence pour le calcul de la <em>zakâte</em> débute pour Fâtimah le <strong>10 Rabi&#8217; oul Awwal 1429<span style="font-weight: normal;">. A ce moment, elle possède 2000 € et 25 gr d&#8217;or.</span></strong></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Le <strong>20 Radjab 1429</strong>, Fâtimah se fait dérober tout son argent et ses bijoux. Dès ce moment, elle n&#8217;est plus concernée par l&#8217;obligation de l&#8217;aumône.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Le <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1<sup>er</sup> Chawwâl 1429</span></strong>, Fâtimah reçoit 1000 €. <strong>Cette date marque pour elle le début d&#8217;une nouvelle <span style="text-decoration: underline;">année de référence</span> pour le calcul de la <em>zakât</em>.</strong></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Le <strong>10 Rabi&#8217; oul Awwal 1430 </strong><em>(c&#8217;est-à-dire au terme de la première année de référence)</em>, Fâtimah n&#8217;a pas à s&#8217;acquitter de quoique ce soit. </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">-</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Si le <span style="text-decoration: underline;">1<sup>er</sup> Chawwâl 1430</span>, elle a toujours en sa possession des biens imposables qui atteignent le <em>niçâb</em>, elle devra calculer et payer la <em>zakâte</em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">à cette date</span>.</strong> Ainsi, si, à ce moment, elle a par exemple une somme de <strong>2500 €</strong> <em>(libre de dettes)</em>, <strong>elle devra donner 62,50 € (2500 :40) en aumône.</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/annee_reference_2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-274" title="annee_reference_2" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/annee_reference_2.jpg" alt="" width="587" height="270" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Important : Les règlements énoncés dans ce billet sont conformes à l’interprétation juridique des savants <em>hanafites</em>.</strong></span></p>
</div>
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		<item>
		<title>Taux d&#8217;imposition et méthode de calcul de la zakâte</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2010/05/taux-dimposition-et-methode-de-calcul-de-la-zakate</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2010/05/taux-dimposition-et-methode-de-calcul-de-la-zakate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 May 2010 10:57:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[calcul]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imposition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[méthode]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[taux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=261</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Taux d&#8217;imposition de la zakâte La personne qui est soumise à l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte sur l&#8217;or, l&#8217;argent, la monnaie et les marchandises commerciales doit prélever et donner en aumône la quarantième partie (1/40ème) des biens imposables en sa possession, ce qui correspond à 2,5 %. Méthode de calcul de la zakâte 1ère étape Calculer [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Taux d&#8217;imposition de la <em>zakâte</em></span></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 1.9pt; background: #BFBFBF;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>La personne qui est soumise à l&#8217;obligation de la <em>zakâte</em> sur l&#8217;or, l&#8217;argent, la monnaie et les marchandises commerciales doit prélever et donner en aumône <span style="text-decoration: underline;">la quarantième partie</span> (1/40<sup>ème</sup>) des biens imposables en sa possession, ce qui correspond à 2,5 %.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span id="more-261"></span></strong></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Méthode de calcul de la <em>zakâte</em></span></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><br />
</em></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>1<sup>ère</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Calculer le <strong><em>niçâb</em> de référence (NR)</strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>2<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer la valeur totale des biens imposables que l&#8217;on possède <em>(or, argent, marchandises commerciales, monnaie (billets, pièces, sommes gardées en banque, sommes prêtées à autrui), actions,…)</em></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>3<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Comptabiliser le total de ses dettes<strong> </strong><em>(les montants remboursables sur une année)</em></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>4<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Retrancher de la valeur totale des biens imposables le montant des dettes. <strong>Le résultat obtenu représente la richesse réelle (RR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 54.5pt;">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>5<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; height: 54.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si RR &lt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas obligatoire</span></p>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 54.5pt;">
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; height: 54.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Si RR &gt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire.</span></strong> Passer à l&#8217;étape suivante</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>6<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.5pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer le montant de la <em>zakâte</em> à payer. Calcul à effectuer à cet effet : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img1.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-259" title="img1" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img1.jpg" alt="" width="88" height="32" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">ou</span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-260" title="img2" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img2.jpg" alt="" width="85" height="47" /></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple de calcul N°1</span> : </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; height: 158px; margin-left: 14.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="423">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
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<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Quelqu&#8217;un possède 15 000 € de marchandises commerciales et 3000 € en espèces. Il ne possède aucun autre bien imposable et n&#8217;a pas de dettes. </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></strong></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 1.9pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>1<sup>ère</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Calculer le <strong><em>niçâb</em> de référence (NR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>2<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer la valeur totale des biens imposables que l&#8217;on possède <em>(or, argent, marchandises commerciales, monnaie (billets, pièces, sommes gardées en banque, sommes prêtées à autrui…))</em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 000 + 3000 =</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>18 000 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>3<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Comptabiliser le total de ses dettes<strong> </strong><em>(les montants remboursables sur une année)</em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>0 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>4<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Retrancher de la valeur totale des biens imposables le montant des dettes. <strong>Le résultat obtenu représente la richesse réelle (RR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">18 000 – 0 =</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>18 000 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44pt;">
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" rowspan="2" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>5<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si RR &lt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas obligatoire</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" rowspan="2" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>18 000 &gt; 306,18</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">La <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44pt;">
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Si RR &gt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire.</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Passer à l&#8217;étape suivante</span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>6<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer le montant de la <em>zakâte</em> à payer. Calcul à effectuer à cet effet : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img1.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-259" title="img1" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img1.jpg" alt="" width="88" height="32" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">ou</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-260" title="img2" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img2.jpg" alt="" width="85" height="47" /></a></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>18 000 : 40 = 450</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">ou</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><em> </em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>(18 000 X 2,5) : 100<em> </em>= 450</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Le montant de la <em>zakâte</em> à payer est de 450 €</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple de calcul N°2</span> : </strong></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; height: 158px; margin-left: 14.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="425">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Quelqu&#8217;un possède 200 gr d&#8217;or et 200 € en espèces. Il a également 2500 € de dettes.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></strong></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 1.9pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>1<sup>ère</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Calculer le <strong><em>niçâb</em> de référence (NR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>2<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer la valeur totale des biens imposables que l&#8217;on possède <em>(or, argent, marchandises commerciales, monnaie (billets, pièces, sommes gardées en banque, sommes prêtées à autrui…))</em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">200 x 15 = 3000</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">3000 + 200 = <strong>3200 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>3<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Comptabiliser le total de ses dettes<strong> </strong><em>(les montants remboursables sur une année)</em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>2500 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>4<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Retrancher de la valeur totale des biens imposables le montant des dettes. <strong>Le résultat obtenu représente la richesse réelle (RR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">3200 &#8211; 2500 =</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>700 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44pt;">
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" rowspan="2" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>5<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si RR &lt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas obligatoire</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" rowspan="2" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>700 &gt; 306,18</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">La <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44pt;">
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Si RR &gt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire.</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Passer à l&#8217;étape suivante</span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>6<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer le montant de la <em>zakâte</em> à payer. Calcul à effectuer à cet effet : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img11.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-262" title="img1" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img11.jpg" alt="" width="88" height="32" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">ou</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></span><a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-260" title="img2" src="http://www.finance-muslim.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/img2.jpg" alt="" width="85" height="47" /></a></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>700 : 40 = 17,5</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">ou</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><em> </em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>(700 X 2,5) : 100<em> </em>= 17,5</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Le montant de la <em>zakâte</em> à payer est de 17,5 €</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple de calcul N°3</span> : </strong></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; height: 158px; margin-left: 14.4pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="425">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 244.45pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 223.55pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e0e0e0; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Quelqu&#8217;un possède 2000 € sur son compte courant et 500 € chez lui. Il a également 2250 € de dettes.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 1.9pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>1<sup>ère</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Calculer le <strong><em>niçâb</em> de référence (NR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>2<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Déterminer la valeur totale des biens imposables que l&#8217;on possède <em>(or, argent, marchandises commerciales, monnaie (billets, pièces, sommes gardées en banque, sommes prêtées à autrui…))</em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">2</span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">000 + 500 = <strong>2500 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>3<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Comptabiliser le total de ses dettes<strong> </strong><em>(les montants remboursables sur une année)</em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>2250 €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>4<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Retrancher de la valeur totale des biens imposables le montant des dettes. <strong>Le résultat obtenu représente la richesse réelle (RR)</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">25</span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">00 &#8211; 2250 =</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><br />
<span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">250</span></strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> €</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44pt;">
<td style="border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 102.75pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" rowspan="2" width="137" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>5<sup>ème</sup> étape</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"> </span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si RR &lt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas obligatoire</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" rowspan="2" width="243" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>250 &lt; 306,18</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">La <em>zakâte</em><br />
n&#8217;est pas obligatoire.</span></strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44pt;">
<td style="border-left: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt; height: 44pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext;" width="274" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">·</span><span style="font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua;"> </span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><br />
<span style="font-size: medium; text-decoration: underline;">Si RR &gt; NR : la <em>zakâte</em> est obligatoire.</span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> Passer à l&#8217;étape suivante</span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Important : Les règlements énoncés dans ce billet sont conformes à l’interprétation juridique des savants <em>hanafites</em>.</strong></span></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Règlements divers concernant l&#8217;imposition à la zakâte</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/05/reglements-imposition-zakate</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/05/reglements-imposition-zakate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2009 16:31:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conditions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dettes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imposition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[niçâb]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=141</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Règle N°1 : La richesse réelle d&#8217;une personne est déterminée après retranchement de ses dettes éventuelles. Ainsi, si quelqu&#8217;un possède seulement[1] des marchandises commerciales pour une valeur de 1000 € mais il est aussi endetté, pour déterminer s&#8217;il est soumis ou non à l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte, il faut retrancher le montant de ses dettes [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°1 :</strong> La richesse réelle d&#8217;une personne est déterminée <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">après retranchement de ses dettes</span></strong> éventuelles. Ainsi, si quelqu&#8217;un possède <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">seulement</span></strong></span><a name="_ftnref1" href="#_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua"><span style="font-size: medium;">[1]</span></span></strong></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> des marchandises commerciales pour une valeur de 1000 € mais il est aussi endetté, pour déterminer s&#8217;il est soumis ou non à l&#8217;obligation de la <em>zakâte</em>, il faut retrancher le montant de ses dettes de la valeur des marchandises qu&#8217;il possède, et voir ce qui lui reste : <strong>si la valeur restante est égale ou supérieure au <a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/seuil-imposition-zakate"><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></a>, la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em>; au cas contraire non<em>.</em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°1 </span>:</strong> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.4pt; height: 156px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="505">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur des marchandises commerciales :<strong> 2000 € </strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant des dettes :<strong> 500 € </strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur restante des marchandises après retranchement des dettes : 2000 &#8211; 500 = <strong>1500 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Cette valeur étant supérieure au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span> (306,18 €)</strong>, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em> dans ce cas</span></strong>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="text-decoration: none"><br />
</span></span></strong></span><span id="more-141"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°2 </span>:</strong> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.4pt; height: 156px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="505">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur des marchandises commerciales :<strong> 2000 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -54.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Dettes :<strong> 1750 €</strong> </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur restante des marchandises après retranchement des dettes : 2000 &#8211; 1750 =<strong> 250 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Cette valeur étant inférieure au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></strong>, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas <em>fardh</em></span> </strong>dans ce deuxième cas, <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">si le commerçant ne possède aucun autre bien imposable</span>.</em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°2 : </strong>Dans le cas où quelqu&#8217;un a une dette dont l&#8217;acquittement doit s&#8217;étaler sur plusieurs années, pour déterminer s&#8217;il est imposable ou non, seul le montant remboursable <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">pendant une année</span></strong> est pris en considération. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°1 </span>:</strong> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.4pt; height: 156px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="505">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Solde du compte bancaire : <strong>3000 €</strong> </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Dettes : </span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant total : 15 000 €, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">remboursable sur 15 ans</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant à rembourser chaque année : <strong>1000 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant de la fortune après retranchement de la dette remboursable sur une année : 3000 &#8211; 1000 =<strong> 2000 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Ce montant étant supérieur au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span> (306,18 €)</strong>, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em> dans ce cas</span></strong>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
<strong><em></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0% 0%"> </span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°2 </span>:</strong> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.4pt; height: 156px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="505">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Solde du compte bancaire : <strong>1200 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Dettes : </span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant total : 15 000 €, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">remboursable sur 15 ans</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant à rembourser chaque année : <strong>1000 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Montant de la fortune après retranchement de la dette remboursable sur une année : 1200 &#8211; 1000 =<strong> 200 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Ce montant étant inférieur au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></strong>, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas <em>fardh</em></span> </strong>dans ce deuxième cas, <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">si la personne concernée ne possède aucun autre bien imposable</span>.</em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0% 0%"> </span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: 0% 0%"><br />
</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°3 :</strong> Si quelqu&#8217;un possède un peu d&#8217;or et un peu d&#8217;argent <strong><em>(<span style="text-decoration: underline;">aucun des deux n&#8217;atteignant séparément le niçâb</span>)</em></strong>, pour savoir s&#8217;il doit s&#8217;acquitter ou non de la <em>zakâte</em>, il doit calculer la <strong>valeur de l&#8217;or</strong> et la <strong>valeur de l&#8217;argent</strong> qu&#8217;il possède, puis <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">additionner les deux</span></strong>. Si la valeur totale est égale ou supérieure au<em> </em></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em></em>, la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em>; au cas contraire non -<em> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">s&#8217;il ne possède aucun autre bien imposable</span></strong>.</em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple :</span></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.4pt; height: 156px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="505">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Une personne possède <strong>50 g d&#8217;or</strong> et <strong>100 g d&#8217;argent</strong>. </span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -27.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur des 50g d&#8217;or : 50 X 15 = <strong>750 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -27.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur des 100g d&#8217;argent : 100 X 0,5 = <strong>50 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -27.0pt; margin-left: 27.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur totale de métal précieux en sa possession : 750 + 50 = <strong>800 €</strong> </span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Cette valeur étant supérieure au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span> (306,18 €)</strong>, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em> dans ce cas</span></strong>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°4 : </strong>Si quelqu&#8217;un possède un peu d&#8217;or, un peu d&#8217;argent, un peu de monnaie et un peu de marchandises commerciales, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">mais aucun</span></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> <strong>de ces biens n&#8217;atteint séparément le <em>niçâb</em></strong></span>, pour savoir s&#8217;il doit payer ou non la <em>zakâte</em>, il doit calculer la valeur de chaque type de biens qu&#8217;il possède,  puis <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">additionner toutes ces valeurs entre elles</span></strong>. Si la valeur totale est égale ou supérieure au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></strong>, la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em>, au cas contraire non</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple :</span></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 14.4pt; height: 156px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="505">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Une personne possède <strong>10 gr d&#8217;or</strong>, <strong>50 gr d&#8217;argent</strong>, <strong>200 € de marchandises commerciales</strong> et <strong>50 € en espèces</strong>.</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur des 10g d&#8217;or : 10 X 15 = <strong>150 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur des 50g d&#8217;argent : 50 X 0,5 = <strong>25 €</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -36.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur totale des biens imposables en sa possession : 150 + 25 + 200 + 50 = <strong>425 €</strong> </span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">La valeur totale de ses biens <em>(425 €)</em> étant supérieure au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></strong>, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em></span> </strong>dans ce deuxième cas. </span></p>
<div>
<p align="center">
<p align="center"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Important : Les règlements énoncés dans ce billet sont conformes à l’interprétation juridique des savants <em>hanafites</em>.</strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></p>
<hr size="1" />
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1" href="#_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;">[1]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Il n&#8217;a aucun autre bien imposable.</span></strong></span></p>
</div>
</div>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Seuil d&#8217;imposition &#8211; niçâb</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/seuil-imposition-zakate</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/seuil-imposition-zakate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2009 15:46:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[niçaab]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seuil d'imposition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Le niçâb est le seuil d’imposition, c&#8217;est-à-dire la quantité limite de biens imposables qui, lorsqu&#8217;elle est atteinte, rend la zakâte obligatoire. Pour l&#8217;or, le niçâb est de 87,48 gr. Pour l&#8217;argent, le niçâb est de 612,36 gr. Pour la monnaie ou les marchandises commerciales, le niçâb de référence est la valeur la plus faible entre [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Le <em>niçâb</em> est le <strong>seuil d’imposition</strong>, c&#8217;est-à-dire la quantité limite de biens imposables qui, lorsqu&#8217;elle est atteinte, rend la <em>zakâte</em> obligatoire.</span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Pour l&#8217;or, le <em>niçâb</em> est de 87,48 gr.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Pour l&#8217;argent, le <em>niçâb</em> est de<strong> </strong>612,36 gr.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Pour la monnaie ou les marchandises commerciales, le <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb</span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> de référence</span></strong> est la <strong>valeur la plus faible </strong>entre celle du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent et celle du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Pour le bétail et les produits agricoles, quelques précisions sur le seuil d&#8217;imposition seront mentionnés <em>Incha Allah </em>dans un prochain billet.</span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> <span id="more-103"></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°1</span></strong> :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si quelqu&#8217;un possède <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">seulement</span></strong></span><a name="_ftnref1" href="#_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua"><span style="font-size: medium;">[1]</span></span></strong></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> 50 gr d&#8217;or, <strong>la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas <em>fardh</em></strong> <strong>pour lui</strong> vu que le poids de métal précieux en sa possession est inférieur au <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°2</span></strong> :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si quelqu&#8217;un possède <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">seulement</span></strong></span><a name="_ftnref2" href="#_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua"><span style="font-size: medium;">[2]</span></span></strong></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> 500 gr d&#8217;argent, <strong>la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas <em>fardh</em></strong> <strong>pour lui</strong> vu que le poids de métal précieux en sa possession est inférieur au <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°3</span></strong> :</span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 23.4pt" border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si un commerçant possède <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">seulement</span></strong></span><a name="_ftnref3" href="#_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua"><span style="font-size: medium;">[3]</span></span></strong></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> un stock de marchandises commerciales dont la valeur totale est de 1000 €, pour savoir si la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em> pour lui, il faut d&#8217;abord connaître le<strong> <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb</span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> de référence</span></strong> :</span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Book Antiqua"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Calcul de la valeur de 87,48 gr d&#8217;or : 87,48 X 15 = <strong>1312,20 €</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Calcul de la valeur de 612,36 gr d&#8217;argent : 612,36 X 0,5 = <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">306,18 €</span></strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>La valeur la plus faible est celle du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent : c&#8217;est donc celle-ci qui représente le <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span>.</strong> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">La valeur des marchandises (1000 €) étant <span style="text-decoration: underline;">supérieure</span> au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span></strong> (306,18 €), <strong>la <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em></strong> dans ce cas de figure.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exemple N°4</span></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>: </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 14.4pt" border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">15 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Prix du gramme d&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">0,5 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;or</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">1312,20 €</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 244.45pt;" width="326">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Valeur du <em>niçâb</em> de l&#8217;argent</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: #e0e0e0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 223.55pt;" width="298">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>306,18 €</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em> </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><em>(Niçâb de référence)</em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Si un commerçant possède <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">seulement</span></strong></span><a name="_ftnref4" href="#_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua"><span style="font-size: medium;">[4]</span></span></strong></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> des marchandises dont la valeur est de 200 € <em>(et il n&#8217;a aucun autre bien imposable)</em>, <strong>la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas <em>fardh</em></strong> pour lui car, dans ce cas, la valeur des marchandises est <span style="text-decoration: underline;">inférieure</span> au <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">niçâb </span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">de référence</span> </strong>(306,18 €).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Important : Les règlements énoncés dans ce billet sont conformes à l&#8217;interprétation juridique des savants <em>hanafites</em>.</strong></span></p>
<div>
<hr size="1" />
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1" href="#_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;">[1]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Il n&#8217;a aucun autre bien imposable ni aucune dette.</span></strong></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn2" href="#_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;">[2]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Il n&#8217;a aucun autre bien imposable </span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">ni aucune dette</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></strong></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn3" href="#_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;">[3]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Il n&#8217;a aucun autre bien imposable </span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">ni aucune dette</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></strong></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn4" href="#_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;">[4]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Il n&#8217;a aucun autre bien imposable </span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">ni aucune dette</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></strong></span></p>
</div>
</div>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Biens imposables et non imposables</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/biens-imposables-zakate</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/biens-imposables-zakate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2009 05:41:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biens imposables]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=83</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Règle N°1 : Les biens qui sont concernés par l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte sont : l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent, l&#8217;argent liquide et la monnaie (billets, pièces, sommes gardées sur le(s) compte(s) bancaire(s)…) les créances, c&#8217;est-à-dire l&#8217;argent dû par autrui (sommes qui ont été prêtées et pas encore remboursées, contrepartie des marchandises vendues et pas encore réglées…) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°1 :</strong> Les biens qui sont concernés par l&#8217;obligation de la <em>zakâte</em> sont :</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span lang="EN-US">l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent</span></strong><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>l&#8217;argent liquide et la monnaie</strong> <em>(billets, pièces, sommes gardées sur le(s) compte(s) bancaire(s)…)</em></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>les créances</strong>, c&#8217;est-à-dire l&#8217;argent dû par autrui <em>(sommes qui ont été prêtées et pas encore remboursées, contrepartie des marchandises vendues et pas encore réglées…)</em></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>les marchandises commerciales</strong>, c&#8217;est à dire les biens achetés dans l&#8217;intention d&#8217;être revendus, </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><span lang="EN-US">le bétail</span></strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Note 1:</strong> Les produits agricoles sont également concernés par un impôt spécifique <em>(&#8216;ouchr ou kharâdj).</em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span id="more-83"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Note 2: </strong>La <em>zakâte</em> est <em>fardh</em> sur tous les <strong>objets</strong> en or ou en argent, comme les bijoux, les médailles, les pièces de monnaie, etc.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°2 </strong>: Les actions <em>(de sociétés dans lesquelles l&#8217;investissement est autorisé)</em> que peut posséder le musulman sont également imposables.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°3 :</strong> La <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas obligatoire sur :</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">les biens destinés <strong>à l&#8217;usage personnel</strong> <strong><em>–et non à la vente</em></strong>, comme les vêtements, les ustensiles de cuisine <em>(marmites, casseroles…)</em>, la voiture personnelle, les meubles, la maison d&#8217;habitation, les bijoux qui ne sont pas en or ou en argent etc.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">les outils de travail destinés <strong>à l&#8217;usage personnel</strong> <strong><em>– et non pas à la vente</em></strong>, comme l&#8217;ordinateur, les appareils ménagers, les machines diverses, les véhicules de livraison, les étagères etc…</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">les pierres précieuses destinées <strong>à l&#8217;usage personnel</strong> <strong><em>– et non pas à la vente</em></strong>, comme le diamant, le rubis, l&#8217;émeraude, les perles etc…</span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Ainsi, tous les biens cités ci-dessus ne sont pas imposables, quelle que soit leur quantité et qu&#8217;ils soient utilisés quotidiennement ou non, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">à partir du moment où ils ne sont pas des marchandises commerciales</span>.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°4 : </strong>Les biens mobiliers <em>(comme les voitures)</em> et immobiliers <em>(bâtiments, maisons, appartements)</em> <strong>destinés à la location</strong> ne sont pas imposables. <strong>Cependant, les revenus perçus de ces locations sont, eux, concernés par l&#8217;obligation de la <em>zakâte</em> </strong><em>–selon ce qui a été évoqué précédemment dans l&#8217;énoncé des <a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/conditions-zakate" target="_self">&laquo;&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Conditions requises pour l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte.</span>&laquo;&nbsp;</a></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°5 : </strong>Les biens acquis de façon illicite, comme l&#8217;argent de l&#8217;intérêt etc… ne sont pas imposables pour la <em>zakâte</em>. <strong>Il est nécessaire de les restituer à leur propriétaire légitime. Si cela n’est pas possible, il faut les donner en totalité en aumône aux pauvres.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°6 : </strong>S&#8217;il y a un autre métal <em>(du cuivre par exemple) </em>qui est incorporé à de l&#8217;or ou de l&#8217;argent, pour déterminer si cet alliage compte parmi les biens imposables, il faut déterminer lequel des deux métaux est en plus grande quantité : s&#8217;il y a plus d&#8217;or ou d&#8217;argent, l&#8217;élément est soumis à la <em>zakâte</em>; au cas contraire, non. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°7 </strong>: Comme indiqué précédemment, ne sont considérées comme <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">marchandises commerciales</span></strong>, que <strong>les biens achetés dans l&#8217;intention d&#8217;être revendues</strong>. Ainsi, si quelqu&#8217;un a acheté une voiture, des meubles ou autre chose <strong>pour son usage personnel</strong>, et que, plus tard, il décide de les vendre, ces objets ne sont pas considérés comme marchandises commerciales et ne sont donc pas imposables. L&#8217;argent perçu de leur vente est, par contre, soumis à la <em>zakâte</em> <em>–selon ce qui a été évoqué précédemment dans l&#8217;énoncé des <a href="http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/conditions-zakate" target="_self">&laquo;&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Conditions requises pour l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte.</span>&laquo;&nbsp;</a></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Wa Allâhou A&#8217;lam !</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Et Dieu est Plus Savant !</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Important : Les règlements énoncés dans ce billet sont conformes à l&#8217;interprétation juridique des savants <em>hanafites</em>.</strong></span></p>
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		<title>Conditions requises pour l&#8217;obligation de la zakâte</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/conditions-zakate</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/04/conditions-zakate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2009 16:56:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zakâte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conditions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=48</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Règle N°1 : Pour que la zakâte soit imposée à un(e) musulman(e), celui (celle)-ci doit réunir les conditions suivantes : être musulman(e) et sain(e) d&#8217;esprit, avoir atteint l&#8217;âge de la puberté (bouloûgh) être possesseur de biens imposables (or, argent, marchandises commerciales,…) qui : soient en plus du nécessaire pour ses dépenses essentielles, atteignent le seuil [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°1 :</strong> Pour que la <em>zakâte</em> soit imposée à un(e) musulman(e), celui (celle)-ci doit réunir les conditions suivantes :</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">être musulman(e) et sain(e) d&#8217;esprit,</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">avoir atteint l&#8217;âge de la puberté <em>(bouloûgh)</em></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">être possesseur de biens imposables <em>(or, argent, marchandises commerciales,…) </em>qui :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">soient en plus du nécessaire pour ses dépenses essentielles, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">atteignent le seuil d&#8217;imposition <em>(niçâb)</em> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">après retranchement des dettes éventuelles</span></strong>, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">soient en sa possession durant une année lunaire. </span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong><em>Important :</em></strong><em> Si au début et à la fin de l&#8217;année lunaire les biens atteignent le niçâb, ils sont imposables, et ce, <strong>même si leur montant diminue et passe en dessous du niçâb en cours d&#8217;année</strong>, comme cela va être détaillé par la suite…</em></span></p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"> <span id="more-48"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><strong>Règle N°2 :</strong> Le non musulman, le fou, le non <em>bâligh</em> et le pauvre n’ont donc pas à s’acquitter de la <em>zakâte</em>. De même, la <em>zakâte</em> n&#8217;est pas <em>fardh</em> non plus :</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">à celui/celle qui possède des biens dont la valeur n’atteint pas le seuil d&#8217;imposition <em>(niçâb)</em></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">pour celui/celle qui possède des biens imposables atteignant le <em>niçâb</em>, mais qui est si endetté(e) que, après retranchement de ses dettes, la valeur de ce qui lui reste n&#8217;atteint pas le seuil d&#8217;imposition</span></p>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">pour celui/celle qui ne possède aucun bien imposable depuis au moins une année lunaire entière.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Important : Les règlements énoncés dans ce billet sont conformes à l&#8217;interprétation juridique des savants <em>hanafites</em>.</strong></span></p>
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