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	<title>finance-muslim.com &#187; mouzabanah</title>
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		<title>L&#8217;interdiction de la mouhâqalah et de la mouzâbanah</title>
		<link>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/05/mouhaqalah_mouzabanah</link>
		<comments>http://www.finance-muslim.com/2009/05/mouhaqalah_mouzabanah#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2009 03:53:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mouhammad_Patel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Fondements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dattes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mouhaqalah]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mouzabanah]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[riba al fadhl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[troc]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.finance-muslim.com/?p=135</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[باب مَا جَاءَ فِى النَّهْىِ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ L&#8217;interdiction de la mouhâqalah et de la mouzâbanah عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِالتَّمْرِ Traduction explicative Abou Houreïrah (radhia [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">باب مَا جَاءَ فِى النَّهْىِ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;">L&#8217;interdiction de la mouhâqalah et de la mouzâbanah</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" align="center"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِالتَّمْرِ</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Traduction explicative</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Abou Houreïrah (radhia Allâhou anhou) dit que le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a interdit la <em>mouhâqalah</em> et la <em>mouzâbanah</em>. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">L&#8217;Imâm Tirmidhi (rahimahoullâh) écrit que la <em>mouhâqalah</em>, c&#8217;est l&#8217;échange de blé qui n&#8217;a pas encore été récolté contre du blé moissonné. Et la <em>mouzâbanah</em>, c&#8217;est l&#8217;échange de dattes<em> </em>qui se trouvent <em>(encore)</em> sur le dattier contre des dattes <em>(sèches, déjà récoltées)</em>. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Hadith authentique, cité également dans le Sahîh Mouslim)</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ أَنَّ زَيْدًا أَبَا عَيَّاشٍ سَأَلَ سَعْدًا عَنِ الْبَيْضَاءِ بِالسُّلْتِ فَقَالَ أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ قَالَ الْبَيْضَاءُ. فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ. وَقَالَ سَعْدٌ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يُسْأَلُ عَنِ اشْتِرَاءِ التَّمْرِ بِالرُّطَبِ فَقَالَ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ « أَيَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ ». قَالُوا نَعَمْ. فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">عَنْ زَيْدٍ أَبِى عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ سَأَلْنَا سَعْدًا فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Traduction explicative</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Zayd Abâ &#8216;Ayyâch (rahimahoullâh) questionna Sa&#8217;d (radhia Allâhou anhou) au sujet <em>(du troc)</em> de l&#8217;orge appelée <em>baydhâ</em> contre l&#8217;orge appelée <em>soult</em>. Il (radhia Allahou &#8216;anhou) demanda : </span></span><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;Laquelle est </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(de)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> meilleure </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(qualité) </span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">?&nbsp;&raquo; </span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Il <em>(Zayd)</em> répondit : </span></span><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;C&#8217;est l&#8217;orge baydhâ.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Il (radhia Allahou &#8216;anhou) condamna alors ceci <em>(c&#8217;est-à-dire cet échange)</em>. Et Sa&#8217;d (radhia Allahou &#8216;anhou) ajouta : J&#8217;ai entendu le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) être questionné au sujet de l&#8217;acquisition de dattes sèches contre des dattes fraîches… Il (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) demanda à ceux qui étaient autour de lui :</span></span><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> &laquo;&nbsp;Est-ce que les dattes fraîches diminuent </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(en volume)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> en séchant ?&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Ils répondirent : </span></span><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;Oui.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Il (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) condamna alors ceci. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Hadith dont l&#8217;authenticité pose problème selon l&#8217;Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh), mais qui a été validé par d&#8217;autres savants)</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span id="more-135"></span><br />
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Commentaires</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a interdit la mouhâqalah et la mouzâbanah&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Les savants musulmans s&#8217;accordent pour considérer que ces deux types de troc ne sont pas autorisés</span></span><a name="_ftnref1" href="#_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[1]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> : les contreparties étant des biens </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">ribawis (susceptibles de faire l&#8217;objet de ribâ)</span></em></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></em></span><a name="_ftnref2" href="#_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[2]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> de même nature, il est en effet nécessaire qu&#8217;il y ait une </span></span><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">parfaite équivalence</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> entre leur quantité respective; une quelconque différence à ce niveau est considérée comme du <em>ribâ (interêt)</em>, comme l&#8217;indique clairement le Hadith suivant du Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) rapporté par Abou Saïd Al Khoudriy (radhia Allahou &#8216;anhou) :</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوْ اسْتَزَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى الْآخِذُ وَالْمُعْطِي فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;De l&#8217;or contre de l&#8217;or, de l&#8217;argent contre de l&#8217;argent, du blé contre du blé, de l&#8217;orge contre de l&#8217;orge, des dattes </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(sèches)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> contre des dattes </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(sèches)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">, du sel contre du sel : </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(vous ne pouvez les échanger qu&#8217;à quantité)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> égale contre </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(quantité)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> égale </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(et) </span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">main à main. Celui qui donne un surplus ou qui prend un surplus tombe dans le ribâ : celui qui prend et celui qui donne sont pareils à ce sujet.&nbsp;&raquo;<br />
</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Sahîh Mouslim)</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Et dans le cas de la <em>mouhâqalah</em> et de la <em>mouzâbanah</em> justement, la mesure ou le poids de ce qui n&#8217;a pas encore été récolté/cueilli n&#8217;est évalué que de façon approximative :</span><strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> l&#8217;exigence de parfaite équivalence dans l&#8217;échange ne peut donc être respectée, avec le risque de <em>ribâ</em> que cela implique.</span></strong></span><a name="_ftnref3" href="#_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[3]</span></span></strong></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;J&#8217;ai entendu le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) être questionné au sujet de l&#8217;acquisition de dattes sèches contre des dattes fraîches…&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">La majorité des oulémas <em>(les châféïtes, hambalites et mâlékites, ainsi que, parmi les hanafites, les deux élèves de l&#8217;Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh), Abou Youssouf (rahimahoullâh) et Mouhammad Ach Chaybâni (rahimahoullâh))</em> se basent sur la réponse négative apportée par le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) à la présente question pour considérer qu&#8217;il n&#8217;est en aucun cas permis d&#8217;échanger des dattes fraîches contre des dattes sèches. Cette interdiction indique, selon eux, que l&#8217;équivalence dans le troc de dattes contre dattes est requise lorsque celles-ci sont sèches. </span></span><a name="_ftnref4" href="#_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[4]</span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">L&#8217;Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh) est lui d&#8217;avis que, à partir du moment où il y a équivalence de poids au moment de la transaction entre les dattes fraiches et les dattes sèches, l&#8217;échange est autorisé. </span></span><a name="_ftnref5" href="#_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[5]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Il (rahimahoullâh) se base à ce sujet sur le Hadith rapporté par &#8216;Oubâdah Ibnous Sâmit (radhia Allahou &#8216;anhou) qui énonce : </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَتْ هَذِهِ الأَصْنَافُ فَبِيعُوا كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;De l&#8217;or contre de l&#8217;or, de l&#8217;argent contre de l&#8217;argent, du blé contre du blé, de l&#8217;orge contre de l&#8217;orge, des dattes </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(sèches)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> contre des dattes </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(sèches)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> et du sel contre du sel : </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(vous ne pouvez les échanger qu&#8217;) </span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">équivalent contre équivalent,</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (quantité)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> égale contre </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(quantité)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> égale </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(et) </span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">main à main. Et lorsque les catégories </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(de biens échangés)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> sont différentes, alors vendez-les comme vous le voulez pour peu que ce soit </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(de)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> main à main.&nbsp;&raquo;<br />
</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Sahîh Mouslim)</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">L&#8217;Imâm (rahimahoullâh) souligne en effet que :</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">soit on considère que les dattes fraîches et les dattes sèches font partie de la même catégorie de produits, auquel cas la permission de leur troc est établie à partir du propos suivant : <strong><em>&laquo;&nbsp;</em></strong><em>(vous pouvez les échanger à)<strong> quantité égale contre quantité égale </strong>(et) <strong>main à main.&nbsp;&raquo;</strong></em> </span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">soit on considère qu&#8217;elles ne font pas partie de la même catégorie de produits, auquel cas la permission de leur troc est établie à partir du propos suivant : </span></span><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;Et lorsque les catégories </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(de biens échangés)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> sont différentes, alors vendez-les comme vous le voulez pour peu que ce soit </span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">(de)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> main à main.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pour ce qui est du Hadith cité par l&#8217;Imâm Tirmidhi (rahimahoullâh) et sur lequel repose l&#8217;opinion de la majorité des oulémas, l&#8217;Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh) est d&#8217;avis que son authenticité pose problème : sa chaîne de transmission contient en effet un narrateur, Zayd Abâ &#8216;Ayyâch (rahimahoullâh), dont la condition de fiabilité est inconnue <em>(madjhoûl)</em> selon lui.</span></span><a name="_ftnref6" href="#_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[6]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Et même dans le cas où la validité de ce rapport serait établi, des <em>hanafites</em> avancent l&#8217;hypothèse que ces propos du Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) concernent :</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">l&#8217;échange </span></span><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">non simultané</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> de dattes fraîches contre dattes sèches. D&#8217;ailleurs, dans l&#8217;énoncé d&#8217;une des versions du Hadith rapporté par Sa&#8217;d (radhia Allahou &#8216;anhou) <em>(et citée dans les Sounan de Abou Dâoûd)</em>, il est dit que :</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; color: black" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-size: medium;">نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَنْ بَيْعِ الرُّطَبِ بِالتَّمْرِ نَسِيئَةً</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">&laquo;&nbsp;Le Messager d&#8217;Allah (sallallâhou &#8216;alayhi wa sallam) a interdit la vente de dattes fraîches contre des dattes sèches <span style="text-decoration: underline;">à crédit</span>.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></em></strong><a name="_ftnref7" href="#_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[7]</span></span></em></strong></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 18.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">l&#8217;échange de dattes sèches déjà cueillies contre des dattes fraîches </span></span><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">qui se trouvent encore sur l&#8217;arbre</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span></span><a name="_ftnref8" href="#_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">[8]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<div>
<p align="center"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;"><br />
<em>Wa Allâhou A&#8217;lam !</em></span></p>
<p align="center"><em><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua; font-size: medium;">Et Dieu est Plus Savant !</span></em></p>
<hr size="1" />
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><a name="_ftn1" href="#_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[1]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Selon la majorité des oulémas <em>(les hambalites, mâlékites et châféïtes)</em>, ces  transactions sont nulles <em>(bâtil)</em>. Pour les <em>hanafites</em>, elles sont considérées comme étant altérées <em>(fâsid)</em>.</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><a name="_ftn2" href="#_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[2]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Selon les <em>hanafites, </em>est susceptible de faire l&#8217;objet de <em>ribâ al fadhl</em> la transaction effectuée entre :</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 36.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">biens de même nature </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">(comme l&#8217;échange de sel contre du sel)</span></em></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 36.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">bien qui s&#8217;échangent au poids <em>(comme l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent)</em> ou à la mesure </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">(comme les dattes, le blé, etc…)</span></em></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Selon </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">l’avis qui semble faire autorité chez les <em>hambalites</em>, sont considérés comme </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;">biens </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">ribawis </span></em></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">ce qui s&#8217;échange au poids ou à la mesure. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Selon les <em>châféïtes (et c&#8217;est également là un autre avis hambalite)</em>, sont considérés comme biens <em>ribawis</em> ce qui sert essentiellement de monnaie <em>(comme l&#8217;or et l&#8217;argent)</em> ainsi que ce qui sert d&#8217;aliment <em>(comme les dattes, le blé, etc.)</em>.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Et selon l&#8217;avis le plus connu des <em>mâlékites</em>, les causes pouvant être à l’origine du <em>ribâ </em>sont au nombre de deux : le premier, c’est l’aptitude d’une chose à servir d&#8217;instrument de paiement <em>(thamaniyah)</em> et le second, c’est le fait qu’une chose soit un aliment pouvant être stocké <em>(al iqtiyât wal id-dikhâr)</em>. Moufti Taqi Outhmâni souligne, dans un de ses ouvrages, que c&#8217;est cette opinion qui semble être la plus fondée.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-autospace: none"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: black"><span style="font-size: medium;">Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Takmilah Fath il Moulhim&nbsp;&raquo;</em>, <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 22 / Pages 64 et suivantes et <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Fiqh oul Islâmiy&nbsp;&raquo; </em>– Volume 5 / Page 360</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn3" href="#_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[3]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Voir <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 9 / Pages 138 à 140</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn4" href="#_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[4]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;Al Mawsoûat oul Fiqhiyah&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 9 / Page 183</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><a name="_ftn5" href="#_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[5]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Il est à noter que c&#8217;est son opinion qui a été retenue sur cette question par les ouvrages de référence du <em>fiqh hanafite (al moutoûn)</em>.</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><a name="_ftn6" href="#_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[6]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> D&#8217;autres savants ont également émis des réserves au sujet de la fiabilité de ce narrateur. Pour plus de détails, voir <em>&laquo;&nbsp;I&#8217;lâ ous Sounan&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 13 / Pages 6219 et 6220</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn7" href="#_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[7]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Réf : <em>&laquo;&nbsp;I&#8217;lâ ous Sounan&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 13 / Page 6220</span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><a name="_ftn8" href="#_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><span style="font-size: medium;">[8]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Book Antiqua&quot;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> L&#8217;ensemble de l&#8217;argumentaire de l&#8217;Imâm Abou Hanîfah (rahimahoullâh) sur cette question a fait l&#8217;objet de sévères critiques, notamment de Ibnou Hazm (rahimahoullâh). Pour une analyse détaillée de ces critiques et des tentatives de réponses aux diverses objection émises, lire <em>&laquo;&nbsp;I&#8217;lâ ous Sounan&nbsp;&raquo;</em> – Volume 13 / Pages 6218 à 6236</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
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